1.0
Thuhma
Mihring kan nih chhungin mitin hian
nun hlimna kan duh a, kan nun pumpui hi hnathawhnan kan hmang vek thei lo;
intihthawvenna leh intihhlimna (recreation) te leh thil thar kan la dai ngailoh
dai hriat (experience) te kan mamawh thin. Chutiang atan chuan hmun dang- ram
danga zin chhuah (tour) hi khawvelin kan uar chho deuh deuh zel a, a nghawng
pawh a pawimawh hle. Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 chuan, “tourism hi ram hrang hrang
mipuite nuna thil pawimawh tak a ni a; a chhan chu vantlang nun, hnam nun,
zirna, eibar zawnna leh ram dangte nena inlaichinna kawngah nghawng pawimawh
tak a neih vang a ni” tiin a puang a,[1] a
dik khawp mai. Tin, mihring khawsak phung changkang chho zel leh globalization
avangin engemaw tul bik thilah ramdanga zinchhuah a ngai fo zel dawn a, hei
vang hian helam kawnga indawrna leh insumdawn tawnna (global economic activity)
pawh a thang chho nasa hle dawn a ni.
Tichuan, chhan hrang hrang avanga khawvel
ram hranga mite kan intlawhpawh tawnna (tourism) leh chutiang atana sum lengvel
pawh ram tam tak hi chuan hmasawnna kuangfung hnar pawimawh takah an chantir
thiam a, ramin hma an sawn phah reng bawk a. Hei tak hi kan ramin kan mamawh a
ni.
2.0
Tourism leh kan dinhmun thlirna
2.1 Khawvel: Kum
2012 khan khawvel pumah mihring 1.035 billion zet kan zin tuak a, hemi atana
sum virvel pawh US dollar 1,260 billion zet a ni.[2] Tun
dinhmunah khawvelah hian kum khatah mihring 600 million vel kan zin tuak reng
anga ngaih a ni a, hemi atan sum che vel pawh US dollar 1.5 trillion vel a nih
bakah kumtin a thanna (annual growth rate) hi 5% vel a ni a; hei hian tourism
chu service industry lian ber pawlah a chan tir chho mek a ni.[3]
Hemi awmzia chu ‘tourism hian ram sum leh pai dinhmunah awmzia lian tak a nei a,
hei hi inrelbawlna leh inenkawlna (management) tha nen chuan ram hmasawnna
atana kuangfung pawimawh tak pakhat a ni thei a ni’ tih hi a chiang hle.
2.2 India: India
ramah pawh tourism hi service industry lian ber pawl a ni chho mek a, kumtinin
rampawn khualzin mi 13.72 million leh ramchhung khualzin mi 650 million vel zet
an zin tuak anga chhut a ni a. Kum 2008-2010 chhoah pawh khan rampawn khualzin
hi kumtin 22% velin an pung zel anga chhut a ni a, hemi atana sum lengvel pawh
kum 2008-ah US dollar 100 billion a nih laiin kum 2018-ah hi chuan US dollar
billion 275.5 zet a ni dawna chhut lawk a ni a. Hei hi kumtina a thanna zat (annual
growth rate) chu 9.4% a ni.[4]
World Travel & Tourism Council-in
a chhut dan thung chuan India ramah hian tourism atangin kum khatah Rs. 4
trillion zet lakluh a ni a, chu chu kum 2012 khan India ram sumpai (national
GDP) zawng zawng a\anga 6.23% a ni. Ram puma hnathawk (total labour force) awm
zat pawh 8.78% chu tourism-a inhnamhnawih an ni a; chu chu mihring 39.5 million
zet an ni a, hei hi hnathawh tur awm zawng zawng (total employment) atanga 7.7%
a ni bawk. India tourism sector hi kum 2013-2023 inkarah chuan 7.9% in a thang
chho dawna chhut lawk a ni bawk.[5]
Hei
hian chiang takin India ram hmasawn zelna tur leh ram sumpai dinhmuna tourism
pawimawhna a tarlang. Hengte avang hian kan hmalam hun reiloteah India ram hi
khawvela tourism industry than chakna ber ram a ni chho thuai dawna ngaih a
ni.
2.3 Mizoram:
Tourism-a Mizoram dinhmun hi a tha lutuk lo, ram hmasawnna kuangfung pawimawh
atana hmang tur phei chuan hmabak a la tam hlein a lang. The Telegraph (July 24,
2016 issue)[6]
chanchinbuin a tarlan dan, hmarchhak state hrang hrang Tourism Department
atanga Union Tourism Ministry-in data a lakkhawm ang chuan kum 2014-ah Mizoram hi ramchhung khualzin mi 68203-in an rawn tlawh a, kum
2015-ah chuan mi 66605-in an rawn tlawh thung a, a tlakhniamna chu 2.34% a ni.
Tin, kum 2015-ah rampawn khualzin mi 921-in an rawn tlawh a, kum 2016-ah mi
798-in an rawn tlawh thung, a tlakhniamna chu 13.36% zet a ni. Hemi awmzia chu hmarchhak
state dangte nena khaikhin pawhin Mizoram hi ramchhung leh rampawn khualzin
tlawhtu an tlem bik hle a, chubakah a tlakhniamna zat (declining rate) pawh a
sang fal hle. Tin, tourism atanga Mizoramin chhiah (revenue) a lakluh hi kum
2014-15 ah Rs. nuai 222.87 a nih laiin kum 2015-16 ah chuan Rs. 222.16 a ni a,
a tlakhniamna chu Rs. sing 7 chuang a ni a[7], hmasawnna
tur a tam hle mai.
3.0
Mizoram hmasawnnan tourism : hriattur pawimawh hmasa
Ram
dangte kalphung en chuan Mizoram Tourism Department hi sawrkar leh mipuite tana
sum thawkchhuak hnem thei ber tur zinga mi a nih laiin, tun dinhmunah chuan
sawrkar chu sawiloh, mipui nawlpui pawh eizawnna atana tourism hmang hi kan la thahnem lo hle. Tourism hi ram (state) sum bawm atang ni lo, rampawn khualzinte
chhiah pekkhawm leh ramchhunga an sum hmanral atangin ram sum lakluhna tha tak a
ni thei a. Tin, ruahmanna leh kalphung tha a awm phei chuan khualzinte chetvelna atangin mipui nawlpuiin sum kan lo
lakluh ve theih dan tur mumal tak chhawpchhuah theih a ni a bawk.[8]
Chuvangin tunlai khawvel leh globalization inthial chho karah tourism hi ngaihpawimawh
zual a tul hle.
3.1 A hun leh hmun remchanna (opportunity): Mizoramin kumtluanin sik leh sa boruak
nuam tak kan nei a, nipuiah 19˚C – 32˚C leh thlasikah 8˚C – 20˚C a ni thin.[9] Ruah pawh kum khatah 200 mm – 250 mm vel
a tla a,[10] kumtluana hmun hrang hrang tlawhpawh duh
tan pawh harsatna liantham a awm lem lo. Tin, rampuma thingtlang khaw ralmuang
tak leh nun hahdamthlak tak te, kan hnam nunzia danglam tak leh mizo khawtlang
nun mawi tak te, kan tlang ram nuam hring nghulh mai leh mit tlin tawka tlang
leh mual lang cham dur mai te, luite tui luang kawi ngii ngiai leh luang cham
del del te hi hmun danga awm ve chiah lo an ni hlawm a. Heng kan danglamna leh
kan that bikna te hi hman tangkai theih a ni a. Sum hailut zawnga kan hman
thiam ngat chuan hmasawn pui tham a ni reng a ni. Entirnan:- kan tlang ram mil
khualzin hipnana thil tih theih nia lang chu ‘rope way’ te, ‘trekking’ emaw
tlanglawn te hi taka hma lak nghal mai theih, sum tam tak sen ngai lem lo, sum
hmuhna hnar tha tak, hlimawm bawk si a ni. [11]
Mizoramah chuan kan
awmdan phung tidanglam hauhloa suma chantir theih tur, khualzinte hriat duh leh
hmuh duh tur chi, a tihdan thiama sumdawnnaa chan tir theih mai tur remchanna
kan nei tha hle a ni. Mizo
lo neih dan leh kan hnam nun inphiar zawm tlat mai te, hmun hlui leh thil hlui
te, hnam lam leh zai te, kan kutni vangthla te, thiamhnang deh leh zo puantah
te, sakhuana leh biakzinna lam te, Mizo chaw leh eiin hrang hrang te, thawmhnaw
leh hnam incheina te, ram leh hnam chanchin hlui te hi ramdang miten an
hriatpawh a, Mizoram an rawn tlawhpawh chhan ber a nih theih nana phochhuah
thiam erawh a tul.
3.2 A lan dana hmabak
beiseina (prospect): Tuna kan dinhmun a\anga
langchiang em em chu, tourism atanga hlawkna leh beiseina thar nei turin kan
kal dan thlak thleng (positive change) a ngai a ni. Chumi atan chuan hmasawnna
ruangam (tourism policy) mumal tak leh tih ngei tur; hun reilo deuha
tihhlawhtlin tur (short term) leh hun ngai rei deuh chi (long term) duan chhuah
a ngai a, chu chu tihlawhtling ngei turin a bulthum atanga kan hriatthiam tlan
(grassroots awareness) a ngai hle. Mizoram
tana tih theih pawimawh hmasa chu ramdanga mite tih dan zirchian a, kan ram mil
tura ruahmanna (policy) siam a ni phawt ang. Heta tang hian kan tih theih ngei
tur thil tha leh hlawk kan zawngchhuak dawn a ni.
Tourism atanga mipuite tana eizawnna
buatsaih sak turin sawrkarin chet a lak a ngai a. Kan rama tih theih beiseiawm
tak chu ‘village tourism’ ang chite hi a ni. Thingtlang hmun nuam deuha ‘home
stay’ an tih mai- mikhualte chu tualchhung mite inah man chawiin an khawsa ve
a, an ei leh in ang ang bakah an nitin nun hman dan te a takin an chenchilh thin
a. Mizorama thingtlang hmun nuam tak tak te hi chutiang tur chuan buatsaih ni
se. Hei hi thil harsa lo tak anih bakah, kan ram pawhin kan hlawhtlinpui ve ngei
theih tur niin a lang.[12]
Tin, lehkhathiam tamna state kan ni a,
literacy rate pawh 91.58% lai a ni.[13] Rampumin tawng pakhat Mizotawng kan
hmang thei a, khawvel ram hranga mite inbiakpawhna English pawh khawpui leh
thingtlangah tawng tualleng tak a ni. Hei hian beiseina sang tak a siam. Ram
hmasawnna ruhrel lian tham tak kan nei lo a, chutihlaiin eco-tourism –ah
beiseina leh remchanna tha tak a awm thung.
3.3 A harsatna awm
theite hriatchian (identifying the challenges): Hmasawnna ruhrel- inkalpawhna leh inbiakpawhna te, khualzin thlenna
tur leh eiin te, khualzinte mamawh zualpui leh rikrum thila inruahmanlawkna mumal
tak leh tha tak a ngai a. Tin, venhimna tha, hnathawktu leh khualchhawntu
indaihzai leh vengva tak tak te, sumdawnna a ni tih hrereng chunga a than zelna
tur ngaihtuah te, keini khualzinte lo dawngsawngtu tur a ram mipuite rinawmna
te pawh a tul. Khualchhawn kawngah kan rinawmloh viau a, kan tih deuh mai mai
chuan khualzin kan hnawt tiau vat mai ang. Henga harsatna awmthei atana lo inbuatsaih
lawk a tha ang.
Heng bakah khualzin an lo luh hnem chuan, rampawn mipui veivak te
avanga avanga Mizoram mipui, ram leh hnamin a tawrh theihna tur te pawh
hriatchian a tul hle. Entirnan:- hripui leh natna inkaichhawn awlsam lakah te, ruihhlo
leh mihringa insumdawn tawnna lakah te, hnam inchimralna (assimilation) lakah te,
ramchhung nungchate leh environment-in a tawrh theihna lakah te. Hemi hrereng
chung hian Inner Line Permit leh Foreigner Permit awlsam zawka tihfelna
(regulatory issues), dan tha leh chak tak hnuaiah kan neih a pawimawh. Chuti a
nih loh chuan tourism hi kan rama thil thalo tak min thlentu a ni thei.
3.4 A hlawkna leh
rahchhuah tha hriatchian (positive impacts): Ramin a hlawkpuina tur ber chu khualzin lo lut atanga chhiah (tax
revenue) lak a ni a, chumi tur chuan a chhiah lak dan tur kalphung ruahmanna tha a ngai. Tin, a chhan chu thil chi hrang hrang pawh lo nise; khualzin veivak an rawn luh hnem poh leh khawtualah
sum leng vel a tam dawn a, mipui nawlpui engemawzat tan eizawnna tha leh
sumdawngte tana hlawkna eng emaw zat a lo awm ve thei ang. Chutiang a nih chuan
tourism atangin sum kan hmu hnem thei ang a, hei hian ram hmasawnna a thlen zel
dawn a ni. Tourism hi ram tam tak innghahna a ni tawh a,
chutiang dinhmun duhawm takah chuan kan ding ve thei reng a ni.
Tin, ram hrana mite kan intlawhpawh
tawnna avanga hnam nunphung inhriatpui tawna inzir tawnna (culture exchange) te, tawng (language) leh chetziaa mipui nawlpui hawiher zau zel tur te, hnathawh
tur leh eizawnna thar (job opportunity) lo pung tur te hria a, a dawnthleng
siamrema lo inbuatsaih a ngai. Hei hi kan thiam chuan sum lalut tho chung siin
automatic-a invawrhlar (advertisement) ang reng kan ni dawn a, inthehlarna
(publicity) lama sum tam tak sengral lovin ‘lungte pakhata sava pahnih vawm
thlak’ ang mai a ni thei dawn a ni. Ramdang khualzin min rawn tlawhtute chu kan
ram tana tourism vawrhlartu (tourist ambassador) an ni zel tawh mai dawn a ni.
3.5 A nihphung hrang
hrang hriatchian (different forms): Tourism chi
hrang hrang a awm a; an nihphung te, an awmzia leh an kaihhnawih te hi
hriatchian a ngai em em a ni. Tourism chi hrang hrang heng;- hriselna leh
inenkawlna tha zawk avanga khualzin te, infiamna leh infiammi mikhual te,
hmunhlui tlawh duh te, tlang ram khuarel mawina hmu chak te, thil thar tawn hriat
duh hrim hrim te, ramngaw leh ramsa zirchiang duh te, thingtlang nun hrechiang
chak te, pawimawh leh tul bik thil avanga lo zin te an ni nuaih dawn a. Heng tourism
chi hrang hrangin a tum leh kawh bikte leh tourist-ten an thiltih tum / an rawn
kal chhan te, chumi atanga hlawkna leh hlohna awm thei te hriatchian a, lo
inruahman thiamna kan mamawh hle.
Tourism chi hrang hrang
a awm tih kan hria a. Rampawn khualzinte tumdan (tour purpose) azirin kan ram
chhung hmun hrang hrangin remchanna bik an neih te, sik leh sa hun remchan dan
azira tourism insawrbingna bik neih te pawh a tha ang. Rampawn khualzinte leh ramchhunga chengte
tan pawha tlawh tlak deuh hmunhma dapchhuah leh khualzinte hip thei ngei tura
buatsaih hi a tul khawp mai. Tourism chi hrang hrangte chu kan remchanna milin awmze nei takin kan
thliar fel ang a, khualzinte tana mumal leh hlawk taka an tlawh theih turin
anmahni duhthlan tur (options) kan siamsak thei a, chutiang chuan ruahmanna kan
siam dawn a ni. Kan sawi tak angin kan ram hi tlangdungin a khat a, tun
dinhmunah chuan innghahna tlak sum lakluhna tha thildang kan nei hrih lo.
Keimahni kan inchawm zo lo a, mahse tourism chuan he dinhmun atang hian min
khaichhuak thei.
4.0
Mizoram hmasawnnan tourism : hmabak tihtur hmasa
Kan sawi tak angin tourism-a kan ramin hma a sawn
theih nan ngaihpawimawh tur leh tihtur a tam khawp mai a, a eng ber hi nge kan
tih hmasak ngai tihah pawh inhnial theih taka ni ang. Engpawhnise chung tihturte
chu a pawimawh ang zia zela awmze nei tak leh a tahtawla kan tihhlawhtlin chhoh
a ngai dawn a ni
4.1 Tourism
policy mumal siam: Kan sawrkar
hotuten tourism policy mumal tak siam turin ngaihtuahna hmang se a duhawm hle.
A tul a nih chuan chulam ngaihtuahtu tur Commission emaw, Sub-committee emaw
siam nise. Kil hrang hrang atanga zau zawka ngaihtuahna hman a nih theih nan
commission/sub-committee member pawh uluk taka ruatchhuah nise, chung mite
chuan ramdangte tih dan zirchiang a, a tul laiah chuan entawn chung zelin
tourism policy duang se.
4.2 Khawvel hmuha
inphochhuah thiam: Kan ramin
tourism-a hma a sawn zel theih nan khawvelin min hriat a ngai a; tlawhpawh
tlak, hun leh tha leh sum senna tlak kan ni tih an hriat a ngai. Computer/internet
khawvelah kan cheng tawh a, electronic media leh social media-te hi tangkai
taka hman nise. Tin, publicity kalphung mumal tak neih a ngai a, milar (celebrity)
ambassador atana hmangin emaw, ramdangte laka kan danglamna (uniqueness)
phochhuak zawngin emaw khawvel kan inhriattir a ngai.
4.3 Mipui
inhrilhhriatna tha: Ram hmasawnna
duan (policy) a hlawhtlin nan mipuiin sawrkar policy kalphung kan hriatchian a
ngai hle. Mipui hrilhhriatna (public awareness) fumfe a awmloh chuan eng policy
pawh hi hlawhchham thei a ni. Tourism phei chu mipui mimir khawsakphung leh eibar
zawnna nena inkungkaih tlat a nih avangin mipuite hrilhhriatna leh an remchanna
ngaihtuahsak a pawimawh.
4.4 Ram ralmuanna vawnhim: Ram ralmuang, mipui himna leh hlimna, sawrkar
inrelbawlna ngelnghet nei te’n khualzin an hip bik thin; a chhan chu nun himna
(security) hi a pawimawh ber si a. Mizoram pawh hi ram ralmuang tak a ni a,
tunah rih chuan kan nunna atan hlauhthawnawm boruak danglam siam thei
tualchhung indona te, helna (insurgency) te, rawlrala chetna (terrorism) te a
awm rih lo. Tourism hmasawnnan ram ral muanna vawnhim zel a tul ang.
5.0
Tlangkawmna
Tourism leh a kaihhnawih
thil hrang hrang (attributes) awmtheite hi sawrkar leh mipuiin kan hriatchian
tlan a ngai em em a; a thatna leh thatlohna te kan chian tlan hi a pawimawh hle
bawk. Chumi hriatchianna nena hmasawnna ruangam (policy) leh enkawl dan
(management) duan a nih erawh chuan hmasawnpui dawrh theih a ni dawn a ni. Kan
ram sawrkar hruaitute hian ngaihtuahna tak tak sengin a takin hma han la se,
tuna kan kalphung ai hi chuan hma kan sawn ngeiin a rinawm.
Kan sawi tak angin tourism hi ram sumpai lakluhna tha
leh hnathawh tur siamna tha tak a ni a, amaherawhchu a enkawl dan (management) tha a ngai a ni. Mizoram hmasawn nan pawh kuangfung pawimawh tak a nih theih
laiin kan dinhmun han zirchian hi chuan ram hmasawnna tur khawpin kan la kalpui
tawklo tih a hriat theih a ni. Hei tak hi kan siamfel thuai a ngai a, kan
kalpui mek dan hian hma min sawnpui chaklo a nih si chuan kal dan tha zawk leh
chak zawk kan ngaihtuah chhuah vat a, awmze neia a taka kan kalpui a ngai a ni.
[1] Tourism
- Wikipedia.htm (access on 10/8/18).
[2] Tourism
- Wikipedia.htm (access on 10/8/18).
[3] UKESSAYS/Travel
and Tourism Essay.htm (access on 5/8/18).
[4] Dr. T. Vijayaragavan,
“Impact of Tourism in Indian Economy” in International
Journal of Development Research, Vol. 4, Issue, 12, pp. 2835-2839,
December, 2014. Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com (access
on 10/8/18).
UKESSAYS/Travel and Tourism Essay.htm (access on 5/8/18).
[5] Sultan
Singh Jaswal, “Role of Tourism Industry in India’s Development” in Journal of Tourism & Hospitality,
July 14, 2014. Available online at Role
of Tourism Industry in India's Development%20%20 OMICS International.htm
(access on 5/8/18).
[7] Statistical Handbook Mizoram 2016 (Aizawl :
Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Mizoram, 2016), 62.
[8]
Cf. Lalzahawma, “Mizoram Hmathlir…,” in Khirh
Nih Hlawh (Aizawl : Hoi Philoi, 2018),
35.
[9]
Directorate of Tourism, Mizoram Beacons
– Leaflet.
[10]
Directorate of Tourism, Mizoram at a
Glance – Leaflet.
[11]
Cf. Lalzahawma, Mizoram Hmathlir…, 36.
[12]
Cf. Lalzahawma, Mizoram Hmathlir…, 37.
[13]
Directorate of Tourism, Mizoram Beacons
– Leaflet.
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