MIZORAM HMATHLIR : SAWRKAR INRELBAWLNA, RAM HMASAWNNA LEH KHAWTLANG THU-AH

{He essay hi Planning & Program Implementation Department (Research & Development Branch), GoM buatsaih ‘Mizoram Hmathlir’ tih thupui hmanga essay inziahsiak lawmman pakhatna latu a ni.

A ziaktu, Lalzahawma Kawlkulh hi M.A. kan zirho laiin (2004-2006) Mizoram University Students’ Union (MZUSU) a ka aihnah phahpui thin a ni a, vawiin thlenga an fairel bel ka zenpui ngam thiantha te (Hoi Philoi) zinga pakhat a ni. Mi thiam tak, Pawl 1 atanga Ph.D. thleng a rank sang ber pawla awm chho deuh zel mai a ni. KJ, Easter 2016/03/27}

Ram hian hma a sawn dawn chuan ruahmanna tha a awm hmasak phawt a ngai a. Chutiang hmathlir leh ruahmanna te chu a taka chan tir tur chuan thuneihna chelh mektu ten tih hlawhtlin an duh takzet bakah, hma an lak ngei a pawimawh dawn a ni. Chu hmalakna lo puibawma hnathawk tur te tha tichak tur chuan, mimal tinin mawhphurhna kan nei theuh ang. Mizoram hmathlir pawimawh taktak kan han sawi tur te hi a taka tih hlawhtlin theih, tanrual erawh ngai tak tur a ni.

A hmasa berah chuan sawrkar inrelbawlna lama Mizoram tana hmathlir te kan ngaihtuah hmasa phawt ang a. Ram leh khawtlang hmasawnna atana kan mamawh leh tlakchham te pawh sawiin a tih dan tur tha ni a hriat te kan sawi tel nghal zel dawn bawk a ni.

A: SAWRKAR INRELBAWLNA (GOVERNANCE)

Mi chi hrang hrangin sawrkar kan hriatthiam emaw hrilhfiah dan a danglam fur awm e. ‘Sawrkar’ han tih hian mi tam zawk rilru a lang hmasa fo chu mipui thlan lal hote an ni ber a; sawrkarna siamtute tiin sawi mai ta ila. Mipui thlan lal te bakah hian sawrkar hnathawk, hlawhbi neia sawrkarin a chhawr te an awm ve leh a. Sawrkar inrelbawlna ah hian mipui thlan lal te chanvo hi a sang viau a. Kan han sawi tak mipui thlan lal leh hun puma sawrkar hnathawk te awm chhan ber erawh chuan rawng an bawl tur, mipuite tan a ni tlat a ni. Sawrkar chu mipui ten kan zavaia kan hamthat tlanna tur atana kan din a ni tih hi kan innghahna ber ni se.

Thutlukna dik leh tha siam mai bakah chumi zulzuia ruahmanna siama tihhlawhtlin te chu sawrkar hna pawimawh lian tak a ni a. Sawrkar inrelbawlna ah hian mipui thlan lalte tih tur a hranin a sawi theih ang a, sawrkar hnathawkte leh mipuite tih theih a awm hranpa ve leh bawk awm e. Kan tih theih chin a inanloh hle avang hian thutlukna siam kawngah, mipui vantlang emaw kan zavai tana tha ber (public interest) tur chu ngaih pawimawh ber fo ni se a dik mai a. Sawrkara thuneihna kan chan hi nawmchenna tur a ni lo tih hi kan thinlungah riak reng se a pawimawh khawp mai. Sawrkara thuneihna fawng chelhtu te tan hian tih theih tam tak a awm a, an duh leh duh loh bakah an ngaih pawimawh dan azirin a ni mai awm e. Sawrkar tha siam tur chuanthutlukna siam thei chin hovin ruahmanna thate bawhzuia tihpuitlin rem an tih zet a pawimawh dawn ta.

Mipuite hian sawrkarah hian beiseina sang tak kan nei theuh a. Sawrkar tha chuan mipuite hamthatna a siamsak turah kan ngai a ni. Mipui nawlpui tana phurrit siamtu sawrkar chu lawm a hlawh ngai lo. Sawrkar inrelbawlna tha chu mitin huapzo a ni a; hleih nei lo leh langtlang a ni tur a ni. Inrelbawlna tha in a ken tel nghal thil pawimawh tak chu intodelhna hi a ni a. Dan zawm te, mipui nawlpui zahawmna humhim te, inlungrualna te leh thil awmsa hman tangkai te hi sawrkar inrelbawlna tha tehfung pawimawh em em a ni mek a. Tun tuma kan ngaih pawimawh ber tur chu sawrkar inrelbawlna tha zawk kan neih chhoh zel dan tur hi a ni. Chumi atana hmathlir pawimawh lian zualte chu han sawi tan ta ila.

Hmathlir pakhatna – Mipui mimir tan innghahna tlaka sawrkar buatsaih

Ram changkang lo apiangah hian sawrkarah mipuite an innghat nasa niin a lang a. Mizoram pawh hi hmun dang ngaihtuahin hmasawnna leh intodelhna kawngah chuan kan la hnufual hle a, mipui nawlpui pawh sawrkar kutah kan la innghat nasa em em a ni. A bik takin thingtlanga kut hnathawka ei zawngte hmakhua hi sawrkar that leh chhiatah a innghat thui hle a. Mizoram sawrkar hian kan intodelhna turin ruahmanna a siam ve thin a. Mizoram sawrkarin ama puala kan intodelhna tura hma a lo lak tawh langsar pahnih Mizoram Intodelhna Programme (MIP) leh New Land Use Policy (NLUP) hnuaiah hian sum tamtak senral tawh a ni a. Amaherawhchu, MIP leh NLUP avang hian Zoram pum hi a danglam tehchiamna a la lang lem lo; chutih rualin, hlawkpui leh chhawr tangkai mi eng emaw zat an awm tho tih erawh chu phat rual a ni love.

Mipui nawlpui tana sawrkar tangkaina hrethiam tur chuan sawrkarin man tlawm zawka buhfai leh eirawngbawlna tur, eng leh tui min pek te, kawng leh inkalpawhna bakah inbiakpawhna te, zirna leh damdawiin kan neih mekte - kan banphak maia chhawp sak kan nihzia te hi hmuh thiam a ngai ve a.Kut hnathawktu te tan hlei hlei hian sawrkar chu a pawimawh em em a. Kan han sawi thenkhat te hi sawrkar tan nilo, mimal tan chuan buaipui harsa tak, thil hautak lutuk mai a ni hlawm a. Chuvang chuan kan nitin nuna thil pawimawh (basic needs) buaipui kawngah hian hei aia nasa in sawrkar hian hma a lak a ngai a ni.

Sawrkar hnathawk mekte hi chuan damlohna neia damdawiin an luh chuan an senso eng emaw zat sawrkarin a tum sak thei a. Sawrkar zem zen velo hi Mizorama chhungkaw tam zawk an nih avang hianharsa lutuk lova damdawia an in enkawl ve theih dan hi ngaihtuah sak a tul em em a ni. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) leh Mizoram Health Care Scheme te hi thil dang zawng aia ngaih pawimawh tur a ni. Hetiang hamthatna chhawr thei (target population) te hnenah uar leh zualin hrilh darh a, in ziak lut vek tura hma lak ni se la. RSBY leh Health Care Scheme hnuaia inenkawlna senso phuhrukna kawngah sawrkar hian chak zawkin hma a lak a tul tak zet a ni. Sum leh pai pekchhuah lamah harsatna a awm dawn pawhin a sutkian dan zawn vat vat ni se. Damloh nikhuaa inenkawlna senso hmu let ve thei lote tana innghahna tlak a nih chhoh zel hi kan sawrkar hmalakna tur pawimawh ber pakhat a ni.

Hmathlir pahnihna - Mizoram State Government Employees’ Health Care Scheme

Sawrkar hnathawkte damdawia an inenkawlna senso (medical reimbursement) a tam em em mai hi ngaimawh a hun hle bawk a. Sawrkar hian inrenchemna kawngah hma a la viau chung hian, dan anga hamthatna an dawn theih ngei ngei thenkhat chu sum harsatna avangin sawrkar hnathawk ten an hmuh hleih theih loh a awm ve mek bawk a. Sawrkar hnathawk te damdawia an in enkawlna senso atana sawrkar sum ral tam lutuk siam dik tur hian hma thar kan lak a ngai a ni.

Hemi atan hian sawrkar hnathawk te hian an thlatin hlawh atang hian bituk fel tak awmin thawh (contribute) vek se la. Chu pawisa tlingkhawm chu a luhna tur (head of account) diktak ah chhun luh (deposit) a ni ang a. Tuna Group Insurance Scheme (GIS) kan kalpui mek dan zulzui hian ‘Mizoram State Government Employees’ Health Care Scheme’ (a hming chu engpawh ni se) thar duan ni se. Chu scheme hnuaia sawrkar hnathawk ho pawisa thawh (contribution) tlingkhawm hmang chuan damdawia an inenkawlna senso chua phuhruk theih ngei a rinawm. Senso zawng zawng a tum pha chiahlo a nih pawhin, hei hi tih hlawhtlin a nih ngat chuan sawrkar sum tamtak kan sum (save) thei dawn a ni.

Hetiang hian ruahmanna mawlmang deuhvin han siam chhin ta ila. Economics and Statistics Department chhinchhiah dan chuan ni 31.3.2014 ah khan Mizoram sawrkar hnuaiah hian a ngheta thawk mi 43951 an awm mek a.[1] Heng a ngheta thawk mekte hian thlatin an hlawh atanga sum (subscription) an thawh theuh chuan a hnuaia tarlan ang hian thlatin sum nuai za chuang fe kan khawl thei dawn a ni. Sawrkar hnathawk te hi group hrang hrangah then an nih angin kan han rawt mek Mizoram State Government Employees’ Health Care Scheme hnuaiah chuan thlatina thawh (subscription) tur bithliah dawn ta ila, hetiang hian:

Table: The Mizoram State Government Employees’ Health Care Scheme (ruahman chhinna)
Sl. No	Group	Hnathawktu awm mek zat	Thlatina thawh tur bituk zat (`)	Thlatina tlingkhawm tur(`)
1	A	3973	500	1986500
2	B Gazetted	1171	400	468400
3	B Non-Gazetted	13009	350	4553150
4	C	17795	200	3559000
5	D	8003	100	800300
Total		43951		11,367,350

Hei bakah hian contract a thawkte, work-charge, muster roll leh co-terminus basis a awm mekte pawh huamtir ve zel ni bawk se. Tin, pensioner te pawh a tul dan azirin huamtir zel theih ala ni ang chu. Ruahmanna kimchang chu ‘Central Government Health Scheme’ zulzui in emaw a siam theih mai ang.[2] Sawrkar chhawk zangkhai dan tur hi hnathawkte pawhin mutmawh hnar mawhah an neih theuh a ngai a ni. Sawrkar sum harsatzia ngaihtuah chung zelin, kan zavai atana tha turah chuan lungrual takin hma kan la mai tur a ni.

Hmathlir pathumna – Thuneihna semzai (departmentalisation of accounts)

Thuneihna hmun khata tham khawm vek chu inrelbawlna dik a ni ngai lova. Chanvo leh mawhphurhna han insemzai hian midangte tan phurna a thlen mai bakah hna a ti awlsam a ni. Sawrkar inrelbawlna pawh hi a tam thei ang berah thuneihna emaw mawhphurhna semzai ni se hna a kal chak ang a. Mawhphurhna latu an tam na na na chuan hnathawh a tha lo thei lo a ni. Sawrkar kalphung han thlir hian department khawii emawin a mal khalh ang chi hna, midang department/office a pek then theih si hi a awm nualin a rinawm a. Kan kalphung a fel zawk theih nana hmathlir pawimawh deuh pakhat chua saptawnga ‘Departmentalisation of Accounts’ kan tih hi a ni. Hei hi sum leh pai thu ah department tin te thuamchaka thuneihna tamzawk pek tihna mai a ni.

Mizoram sawrkar sum leh pai (government accounts) enkawl hi hna pawimawh ber a tling awm e. Tunah hian kan kal mek danah chuan Chief Controller of Accounts (Accounts & Treasuries) office ah hian thil pawimawh zawng zawng a in chhungkhawm a ni deuh ber a. Hei avang hian Accounts & Treasuries office hi hna ngah ber te zinga chhiar ngam a ni ang. Chutih rualin, hna a tam lutuk avangin leh thawktu an in daih ngang si loh avang hian sawrkar hnathawk leh pension tawh emaw, sawrkar sum leh pai zem zen thei chin ten a hun takah an sum dawn tur an hmuh theih loh phah nasa hle a. Hei hi siamthat theih a ni. Chumi ti tur erawh chuan kan sawi mek ‘departmentalisation of accounts’ hmang ve turin huaisen taka bul kan tan a ngai ta.

Central sawrkar hnuaiah chuan ministry tin hian Pay & Accounts Office hran theuh an nei a, Civil Accounts Manual a inziak angin an kal mai a.[3] Hetiang zulzui hian Mizoramah pawh hman ve a hun tawh hle mai.Mizoram sawrkarah kan hman ve dan tur chu hetiang hian ruahmanna mawlmang deuhvin han siam dawn ta ila.

Ministry tinah hian sum leh pai enkawl lam hna thiam bik (Mizoram Finance & Accounts Service mi leh sa te) Chief Controller of Accounts kaihhruaina in ‘Pay & Accounts Office’ hran theuh kan dah vek ang a. Ministry tina Chief Controller of Accounts chuan tuna Accounts & Treasuries department hna khawih mek thenkhat – Pension te, General Provident Fund te, Group Insurance Scheme, Service Book leh Long Term Loan - te a enkawl tawh ang. Ministry tinin Pay & Accounts Office hran theuh an neih tawh dawn avangin, Pension Payment Order (PPO) leh hamthatna dang an chhuahpui tur te chuan pension ni la la in sawrkar hnathawk te chu pek theih an ni tawh ang. Service bu leh lehkha pawimawh te hmun danga thawn kual chiam chiam a ngaih tawh dawn loh avangin leh ministry/department mal tinte an in enkawl hneh viau tawh dawn bawk nen, tul lova sum leh hun khawhrala reh vek loh pawhin, a ziaawm hle tura ngaih a ni.

Hei bakah hian Pay & Accounts Office chuana awmna ministry/department tana budget buatsaih te, sum hman leh puk thu ah te, sum leh pai chungchang report siam te bakah Civil Accounts Manual, leh a dangte, a ziahlan angin hna a thawk mawp mawp ang. Hemi atan hian officer awmlai mekte siksawi nual a ngai dawn bakah hna (post) thar siam belh a tul ngei ang. Sum sen belh tur a lo awm anih pawhin hei hi hun lo la kal zel tura sawrkar inrelbawlna awmze nei zawk leh sum kan hum (save) na tur a nih dawn avangin dil chhuah lamah pawh harsatnaa awm lo turah ngai ta ila.

Pay & Accounts Office kalphung kan zawm ve tawh dawn avangin ministry tina Chief Controller of Accounts chu sum leh pai thu ah a awmna ah chuan a hnarkaitu ber (financial adviser) a ni ang a. Ministry/Department a Secretary chu Chief Accounting Authority a ni nghal bawk ang. Tin, ministry   & Accounts Office chu Principal Chief Controller of Accounts (PCCA) in a khaikhawm vek ang a. Tuna Chief Controller of Accounts (CCA) Accounts & Treasuries ami hi PCCA chu a ni nghal ang a (tuna Accounts & Treasuries hotu lu ber CCA hming hi ‘Principal Chief Controller of Accounts’ tiin kan thlak mai dawn a ni). Tichuan, tuna kan kal dan pangngai chiahin a chung berah Finance Ministry in Mizoram sawrkar sum leh pai chu a enkawlin a vil reng dawn a ni. Tichuan, Pay & Accounts Office a hnathawkturte inkhaichhawn dan tur chu hetiang hian han ruahman dawn ta ila:

Diagram: Organisational chart – Pay & Accounts Office kalphung thar duan chhinna

	Secretary                    ……… Ministry/department			Chief Accounting Authority
	Additional Secretaries			Pay & Accounts Office
Joint Secretaries			Chief Controller of Accounts
Deputy Secretaries			Controller of Accounts
Under Secretaries			Deputy Controller of Accounts
Superintendents			Asst. Controller of Accounts
Supporting staff			Supporting staff

Sawi tawh angin, Pay & Accounts Office chuan tuna Accounts & Treasuries hna khawih mek tam tak a chhawk zangkhai dawn ta a nih chu. Ruahmanna taktak chu Planning Department te, Finance Department leh DP&AR (Department of Personnel & Administrative Reforms) te ho nen tangkawpa uluk taka la siam ni se.

Hmathlir palina – Hnathawktu tih tlem

Chhiarpui hnuhnung ber (2011 census) angin Mizoram ah mihring 1097206 (nuai sawm singkua sangsarih zahnih leh paruk) kan awm lain sawrkar hnathawk zawng zawng hi ni 31.3.2014 ah khan mi 59612 (sing nga sangkua zaruk sawm leh pahnih) ngawt kan awm a ni a.[4] Department thenkhatah chuan indaihlo deuh pawh lo awm mahse, tih tur nei lemlo, sawrkar tana tangkaina nei hauh lo hi an awm nual hian a lang a. Hnathawktu hlawh leh an hamthatna pek chhuah thu a sawrkar sum sen hi a tam viau a. Hemi leh thil dang avangin Sawrkar budget ah hmasawnna hnathawhna tur a awm tam thei meuh tawh lova. Hnathawktu tih tlema a awm mekte tangkai taka chhawr a tul tak zet ta.

Hnathawktu tih tlem nana hmanraw tangkai tak pakhat chu saptawnga ‘Golden Handshake’ kan tih mai, inban mawl tawp lova hamthatna tha ve tak nena mi thlah (hna atanga chawlh tir) hi a ni. Dan pangngai aia tha deuh hleka ‘voluntary retirement scheme’ kalphung thar itawm tak kan ruahman thiam dan azirin sawrkar hnathawk mek zingah hian bang duh an awm nualin a rinawm.Department hrang hrang hnuaia office tinte hi uluk takin zirchian ni se. Hei hi huaisen taka kan kal tlangpui ngam a nih ngat chuan, tul lova sawrkar sum eng emaw zat luangral mek hi kan ti ziaawm thei ngeiin a rinawm.

Mizorama kan Public Sector Enterprise neih mek,hlep neih a hneka hloh ngar ngar, heng ZENICS te, ZOHANDCO leh MAMCO te khar tur leh ZIDCO leh MIFCO te chu siamthat leh mimal kuta hlan tura sawrkarin hma a lak mekna hi a lawmawm viau a ni. Thil tha nia kan hriat chu bawhzuia hmalak pawp mai hi a ngaihsanawm viau a ni. Mizoramah pawh khawvel changkang chho mil zelin computer/khawl hmangin hna kan thawk nasa ve ta viau a. Mihring tha (manpower) kan mamawh tam lo telh telh tur pawh a ni reng a. Tangkaina nei tawh silo kawl ve reng hi inrelbawlna fel lo tak awmzia a ni.

Hmathlir pangana – Sawrkar khin hneh awlsam lutuk siamthat

Court a sawrkar khing reng reng an chak deuh zel ta mai hi a ngaimawhawm khawp mai. Inrelbawlna fello tak a awm tih chu a chiang sa reng mai a. A bul berah chuan sawrkar hnathawk mek te hian dan an zawm tha tawk lova, Court a zualko ngai hial khawpin thutlukna fello siam a ni thin tih a lang chiang reng mai. Chu mai bakah, sawrkar ukil te hi anmahni ruaitu sawrkar lamah an tang na tawk lo thin niin a lang bawk. Tin, Court a thu a kal tawh rau rau hnu ah hian sawrkar hnathawk thenkhatte hian sawrkar ukil te an tawiawm tha lo fo tih kan hre bawk thin. Hei hi siamthat a ngai ta a ni.

A hmasa berah chuan sawrkar hnathawk ho hian tan an lak a ngai hle a. Sawi tawh angin thutlukna pawimawh siam a nih dawn reng reng chuan, dan mit atanga thlirin a him leh him loh te fimkhur takin ngaihtuah kilh kelh tur hi a ni a. Sawrkar meuhvin thutlukna a siam tawh zuk leh ngai thin te hi inrelbawlna fello zia a ni. Tin, sawrkar pawhin ukil (Public Prosecutor te) a thlan chungchangah uluk deuh zawka a ngaihtuah a pawimawh. Chubakah, phur taka an thawh theih nan sawrkar ukil te pawh an lawmman (remuneration) dawn ve theih tur ang te tha taka pek ve a ngai. Chutiang tluka pawimawh chu, thubuai neitu department hotute’n sawrkar thutlukna zahawm tak humhim tura theihtawp an chhuah ve hi a ni. Sawrkar hnathawk thenkhat ten an tih tur an tih tawk loh thin avanga sawrkarin thubuai a awrh ta fo mai hi thil tha lo tak a ni.Chuvangin, thutlukna awmze neilo a awm loh nan leh thutlukna pawimawh siam tawh te humhim a nih theih nan sawrkar hnathawk te hian anmahni thawhna hmun theuh ah tan an lak sauh sauh a pawimawh hle a ni.

Hmathlir parukna – Langtlang leh chhuichian dawla sawrkar siam

Sawrkar tha leh inrelbawlna felfai tak nei tur chuan ‘audit’ hnathawh tih chak hi a tul khawp mai a. Hriat theuh angin tunah hian Accountant General office hian Mizoram sawrkar hnuaia office hrang hrang te a endik(audit) thin a. Amaherawhchu, an indaih viau bik loh avang hian leh, duh hun huna koh kal mai an remchan loh avangin anni hian duhthusamin office/department te hi an vil hneh tawk lo deuh niin a lang a. Sawrkar hnuaia office hrang hrang ten kalphung dik leh felfai zawk an neih theih nan audit hna thawk theitute kan tihchak a kan tih changtlun a ngai a ni. Mizoram Local Funds (Accounts & Audit) Rules 2012 zulzuiin Mizoram Audit Manual 2014 te pawh kan han nei ve tawh tak nain a taktaka audit hna thawk tur hian hnathawktu an la indaih tawk lo hle mai a. Audit hna dik leh tha taka kan kalpui theih hunah chuan office tinte an fimkhur lehzual ang a, tul lova sum leh hun tha paihral nasa takin a ti reh ngei ngei dawn a ni.

Audit hna Mizoram sawrkar hnuaia thawk thei chu Chief Controller of Accounts (Accounts & Treasuries) office hnuaiah hian ‘Audit section’ lian lo te a awm ve a. A hmingin Director (Local Fund Audit) in a ho mek a, hna tak tak thawk turin an indaihlo nasa hle. Tun dinhmun ah hian 'local body' an tih mai, heng - Autonomous District Council pathum te, Aizawl Municipal Council te, Shinlung Hills Development Council bakah Local Council leh Village Council ho te – audit hi an hna pui ber chu a ni rih mai a.[5] Finance Department in a tul dan angin office/department eng pawh audit turin thu a pe thei bawk a. Amaherawhchu, sawi tak angin, mihring indaih lohna avangin thil taktak tih theih a la ni rih lo. Hei hi ngaih pawimawh ni se a tha hle mai.

Tin, tunlaia mi sawi hlawh em em Lok Ayukta din vat vat te pawh thil pawimawh a ni. RTI (Right to Information) dan tha tak kan neih mekte pawh hi uar lehzuala kan hman tangkai a pawimawh hle bawk. Thuruk leh thil zep ruk ngai hi sawrkarah hian a awm tam vak lova. Thil pawimawh riau, ram hnuk khawih thil emaw mimal nunna atana hlauhawm thil ni lemlo chu zep chiam a tul nachhan a awm lem lo. A tam thei ang ber hi tarlana hailan zel tur a ni. Sawrkar hmalakna chi hrang hrang kan hriat ve zel hi mipuite dikna chanvo a ni hrim hrim bawk a. Engpawh ni se, langtlang leh chhuichian dawla sawrkar siam tur chuan dan kan zawm that tlan mai bakah a zawm tha lote chhui chhuah a, kawng dik kawhhmuh a ngai a ni.

Hmathlir pasarihna– Ruahmanna awmsa bawhzuia bultan thar

Ni 31.3.2005-a sawrkar laipuiin a din 2^nd Administrative Reforms Commission khan sawrkar inrelbawlna tha siam turin rawtna chi hrang hrang tha taktak a siam a, report pawh chi hrang 15 lai thehluh a ni a.[6] Mizoram sawrkar pawhin a theih ang angin an rawtna te bawhzuiin hma a la ve zel a; a taka tih hlawhtlin erawh a la awm mumal tam lem lo niin a lang.[7] He Commission rawtna te hi zirchian tham a tling a, Mizorama sengluh tur tha a awm nual a ni. Sawrkar inrelbawlna piah lamah mimal leh chhungtinte hmasawnna tur lam thil te, harsatna leh buaina hrang hrang hmachhawn dan tur te, khawtlang inrelbawlna lam hawi te, sum leh pai enkawl dan tur te bakah thil dang tamtak rawtna pawimawh siam nual a ni a. Mizoram sawrkarin a din Steering Committee hian a takin hma han la tak tak teh se.

Tin, sawrkar hian inrelbawlna turin dan leh inkaihhruaina tesep a nei tam tawh hle a. Ruahmanna thar pawh a tul angin siam belh zel a ni bawk a. Hmasawn zel tur kan nih avangin kan dan leh inkaihhruaina bakah ruahmanna neihsa te tih puitlin kawngah nasa lehzuala hma lak a tul ta. Kan kalphung awmsa te pawh a tul anga her rem zel ni se. Tin, khua leh tuite thiamna chhawr tangkai bakah hmanraw awmsa te a tangkai thei ang bera hman hi a pawimawh hle a. Chu chu sawrkar inrelbawlna tha ziarang dik tak a ni.

Hmathlir pariatna – Hna tak thawk thei tura sawrkar hnathawkte tuaihriam

Sawrkar kalphungah hian inkaihhruaina leh inkhuahkhirhna dan eng emaw zat a awm mek a, siam belh a ni reng bawk a ni. Amaherawhchu, sawrkar hnathawk mekte zingah hian chutiang chu hre mumal lo an la tam hle mai. A chhan ber chu,Mizoram sawrkar hnuaia hnathawk tura lak tharte hian an hna an zawm tirh hian inzirtirna (training) mumal tak an dawng tha tawk lovin a lang a. Sawrkar hnathawk tam ber zawk hian hna an han zawm thar hian an ‘arkhaw thim dai’ ve mawp mawp tlangpui a ni. Hna zawm thar te tana thil pawimawh han inhrilhhriat hi kan uar lo hle a. Hei vang hian dan dinglai leh sawrkar inkaihhruaina dan te hi hriat a hlawh loh phah hle a ni. Kan inrelbawlna a felfai zawk theih nan, sawrkar hnathawk - a hniam ber atanga a sang berte - hi an hna an zawm tirhah an hriat tur tulte mumal taka zirtira hrilhhriat hi kan tih makmawh hmasa a ni.

Chutiang thil pawimawh inhrilhhriatna hunah chuan sawrkar dan dinglai pawimawh taktak, sawrkar hnathawkin an hriat ngei ngei turte uluk takin inhrilh ni thin se. Thil pawimawh tamtak zingah Central Civil Services (Conduct Rules) 1964 a inziak te hi sawrkar hnathawkte tana pawimawh em em maia; hriata zawm ngei tur thil pawimawh a ni. Tin, General Financial Rules 2005 hnuaiah a bik takin Rule 21-na, ‘Standards of Financial Propriety’ te hi sawrkar sum enkawl thu ah sawrkar hnathawk ten neitu nihna thinlung diktak nghet taka an put theih nan uar taka in zirtira, an thinlunga tuh a pawimawh hle a ni.

Mizoram sawrkar hnuaia hnathawk te zingah hian sawrkar inkaihhruaina dan dinglai pawimawh te ngaihtuah lem lova mawlmang taka nung ve mai mai hi an tam hle ang. Kan inrelbawlna mumal taka a kal theih nan training hi ngaih pawimawh hle a tul a ni. Tin, kalphung thar alo chhuah ang mil zela inher rem zung zung thei turin sawrkar hna thawk mekte hi an intuaithar ve reng a pawimawh a. ‘Refresher course’ te hi buatsaih zauh zauh a hlawk thlak hle thin. Tin, a khat mawi tawkin office tinah hian vei zawng sawina leh intuaitharna hun hmanga thutkhawm ho thin hi a zawngchhang tlak hle a. Hetiang thil atan hian department tina hotute’n ruahmanna siam thin se a tha hle a ni.

AW: RAM HMASAWNNA (ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)

                Report hrang hrang han en chuan Mizoram hian hma a sawn chho ve zel a ni a. Amaherawhchu, hmabak thui tak kan la neih avang hian kan thlen chinah hian lungawi mai tur kan ni lova. Intodelhna lam ngaihtuah phei chuan kan thlen chin hi a la ho hle a ni. Central sawrkar atangin mamawh zualpui phuhru tawk vel sum kan dawng thin a, chu chu kan innghahna lian ber a ni a. Duh duh zat sum han puk ngawt lah a theih loh bakah a tihchi loh hrim hrim a. Kan ram sum leh pai dinhmun siamtha tur hian hma thar kan lak a ngai takzet a ni. Mizoram hmasawnna atana hmathlir pawimawh em em te tihian han sawi chhunzawm zel ta ila.

Hmathlir pakuana – Mamawh tih tlema inrenchem

            Hmasawn pui tham sum kan la thawkchhuak thei rih si lova, a hmanna tur pawipang a tam bawk si hi sawrkar thuneitu te tan pawh a luhai thlak hle a ni. Chuvangin, kan tih theih awlsam ber chu inrenchem hi a ni. Department/office tin hian sum an duh khawp an hmulo vekin an inngai ngei ang a. Amaherawhchu, nitin hnathawhna atana tul leh pawimawh ah chauh hian sum hi hmang hlawm se chuan indaihlo nia an inngaihna pawh hi a ziaawm ngei ang. Mamawh nia kan inngaih thil te pawh kan tih tlem ngam a hun takzet ta. Sawrkar hnathawk zinga a ti thei fal deuhte phei chuan an thlatin hlawh ni lo, therhlo eng eng emaw hi phuahchawpin an insiam nasa hle. Mi thenkhat hi chuan sawrkar leh mipuite tana thawk hming pu ve siin nuam an tawl a ni ber e. Hetiang thil hian sawrkar sum a ti hek em em a, indaihlohna a thlen a ni.

            Sawrkara thuneitu te hian tun aia nasa hian hma an lak a, an inkhuahkhirh hle a ngai a ni. Kan sum leh pai dinhmun siamtha tur chuan inrenchem hi a pawimawh hmasa ber a ni. Hemi ti tur hian thuneitu ten sawrkar hnathawkte an vil ngun a ngai hle a. Mimal emaw department/office pakhat lo inren ngawt kha a tawk hauh lova, zavaia tanho ngaihna thil a ni. Saptawnga ‘penny wise pound folly’ an tih ang maia, mi thenkhatin thil nawi te te thlenga an lo inkhuahkhirh laia a thenkhat an lo tal nat viau si chuan awmzia a nei dawn hauh lova. Heimi atana pawimawh ber chu kan ram hruaitu lu ber atanga bultan a ni. Na taka inhrual a ngaih dawn avangin thuneitu leh thutlukna siam theitute an pawimawh hmasa ber mai.

            Department hrang hranga office tin hian sawrkar kum (financial year) tawp chho ah hian sum hman zawh hman loh, a liam mai (lapse) hlauh avanga a hmanna tur dapchawpa phuahchawp hi tihdan phungah an nei tawh a. Department tina nitin hnathawh nana an sum hman (entirnan, office expenditure leh domestic travel expense) te hi ala tih tlem theih ngeiin a lang a. Financial year tawp dawna pawisa hmanna (bill) lem an siam nasat thin ziate ngaihtuah hian tun aia tlem deuh pawhin office tamtak hi chu an in enkawl thei tih a chiang hle a ni. Motor an kawl thep thup a, a siamna leh a tui (oil leh a dang) te atan hian sum thahnem tawk tak a kal ral reng bawk a. Hnathawhna ni hran lo leh tul lem lova sawrkar sum kal ral hi uiawm tham tak a ni. Sum harsatna hi an sawi an sawi na in thuneitu ten an pawhpen nasat theih zia ngaihtuah hian, a bikin office inenkawlna atana mamawh tawk aia tam deuh hlek hi budget ah hian dah a ni tih a chiang hle.

Kan sawi tak head thenkhat heng–‘office expenditure te, domestic travel expense leh other charges - hnuaia sum hmanna te hi ngun taka ngaihtuah chuan department tin hian tun aia tlem hian an la in enkawl thei tih a chiang a. Chuvangin, sawrkar budget siam a nih laiin sawrkar (finance ministry) hian a bikin kan han sawi tak head hnuaia sum hmanna turte hi tlem te te in lo tihniam thuai sela, awlsam takin nuai tel kan hum (save) thei ngei dawn a ni. Kan kalphunga diklo tak chu sawrkar sum hi mahni ta angin tumahin an en lova, a neitu niawm pawhin an lang hlawm hek lo. Tin, mahni thlatin hlawh nilo it tlatna hian tul lova sum hman a ti tam a. Ram tana kan tih theih awlsam ber chu kan sum hmanral tih tlem hi a ni. He hmathlir pawimawh takerawh hi chu a lu lam atanga tana na taka kan in thuai a nih chauhvin a hlawhtling thung ang. Hei hi a pawimawh em avangin kan tih ngei erawh a ngai thung.

Hmathlir sawmna – Sum leh pai dinhmun sawhngheh (fiscal consolidation)

Mizoram sawrkar leibat hi kum tinin a pung chho zel a.[8] Sawrkar laipui pawhin kan leiba ngah lutuk hi a ngaimawh tawh hle a. Fourteenth Finance Commission chuan leiba tih hniam mai bakah, sum lakluh tih pun kawngah State tin te chu hma la turin a hriattir tawh a. FRBM Dan (Fiscal Responsibilty and Budget Management Act, 2003) zulzuiin kum 2015-2016 atanga 2019-2020 inkar chhung hian sawrkar leibat (fiscal deficit) chu state chhunga lakluh belh khawm GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) atanga chhuta za a pathum (3 percent of State GDP) aia sang lova tihniam ngei turin Mizoram pawh min beisei a ni.[9] Kum 2014-2015 khan India rama state thenkhat tlemte zingah Mizoram chu he thil ti hlawhtling thei zingah a tel hi a lawmawm hle a ni. Kan sum hman tih tlem bakah leiba nei tun tun lo zawnga kan insiam dik chhoh zel a ngai takzet ta a nih hi. Tun dinhmunah hi chuan hma thar lian tham tak chu la vak rih lo ila. Hna pawimawh zual leh tul hmasa te bitum ni phawt se, kan leiba neihte a theih chin china sutkian hi ngaih pawimawh ni phawt se.  

Chutichuan, kan dinhmun sawhnghet turin sawrkar sum hnar pawimawh ber pakhat chu chhiah khawn hi a ni a. Mizoram hmasawnna tur atan pawh hei hi thil tih theih hmasa chu a ni deuh mai a. Chhiah lak hi phurrit a nihna lai chu a awm ngei mai. Chuvang chuan, mi harsa zawkte nghawng lo thei ber tura chhiah lak dan kalphung (taxation system) hi duan a pawimawh. Sawrkar laipui tanpuina a innghat mai kan nih avang hian a theih ang anga sum khawnkhawm a ngai a nih ber mai hi. Hetih rual hian, chhiah khawn hi mumal taka kalpui a ngai a. Mipuite hriatthiam chin tawk kan chhut thiam a pawimawh hle. Duham luatah beisei kan phak loh theih ve tho avangin ngunthluk taka ngaihtuah tur a ni.

India danpui ah hian chhiah lak leh khawn thu a State sawrkar thuneihna chin mumal taka ziahlan a ni a. Mi thenkhat hian Mizoram ah ‘income tax’ lak ve hi an rawt fo na in, hei erawh hi chu sawrkar laipui thuneihna a nih avangin a kalkawng a la thui hle a ni.[10] State sawrkar thuneihna a chhiah kan lak ve theih dan leh kan lak mek te hi tun tumah chuan han ngai pawimawh phawt ta ila. Tuna Mizoram sawrkarin mipui nawlpui leh hnathawktu te hnen atanga chhiah a khawn mekte pawh hi zirchian nise. Hemi atan hian a zirchiangtu tur mithiam rual ruat ni se, chhiah khawn mekte ennawn mai bakah chhiah khawn belh theihna tur la awm thei te ngaihtuahin chhiah khawn tlingkhawm a pun theih nan hma lak thuai ni rawh se.

Table: India Danpui 7^thSchedule a inziak, chhiah khawn chungchanga state sawrkar thuneihna te

Land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues (Entry 45)

Taxes on agricultural income (Entry 46)

Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land Entry 47)

Estate Duty in respect of agricultural land (Entry 48)

Taxes on lands and buildings (Entry 49)

Taxes on mineral rights (Entry 50)

Duties of excise for following goods manufactured or produced within the State (i) alcoholic liquors for human consumption, and (ii) opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics (Entry 51)

Taxes on entry of goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein (see Value added tax) (Entry 52)

Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity (Entry 53)

Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers (Entry 54)

Taxes on advertisements other than advertisements published in newspapers and advertisements broadcast by radio or television (Entry 55)

Taxes on goods and passengers carried by roads or on inland waterways (Entry 56)

Taxes on vehicles suitable for use on roads (Entry 57)

Taxes on animals and boats (Entry 58)

Tolls (Entry 59)

Taxes on profession, trades, callings and employments (Entry 60)

Capitation taxes (Entry 61)

Taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling (Entry 62)

Stamp duty (Entry 63)

Thulakna: India Danpui (Constitution of India) - Article 246(3) leh Seventh Schedule

Tin, department hrang hrangin sawrkar hminga chhiah an lakkhawm dan kalphung leh sawrkara an chhunluh dan hi fet leh uluk taka enfiah a tulin a lang a. Hnathawktu thenkhatin sum an dawn te an lo paipawn mai chuan a dik dawn hauh lova. Sum an dawn ang angte chu sawrkarah chhunluh a nih vek loh chuan sawrkar sum hmuh tur nasa takin a kiam dawn a. Hemi kawngah hian department hrang hranga thuneitu te pawh khawng (strict) zawka kal tura hriattir ni se, vil zui that hle tur a ni. Chhiah petu mipuite pawh uar lehzuala zirtir ni bawk se; dan ang thlapin thil a kal ngei em tih finfiah turin, entirnan, receipt lak te theihnghilh lo thin se. Tichuan, chhiah kan pek tlingkhawm hi ram hmasawnna atan hman tangkai ngei a ni tih mipuite kan hrilh hre bawk tur a ni ang.

Hei bakah hian Municipal sawrkar thuneihna a dah chhiah khawn theihna dan a awm ve leh a. India danpui Article 243-X leh Twelfth Schedule a thuneihna pek a nih angin Aizawl Municipal Council (tun hnaia Aizawl Municipal Corporation tih tak) pawhin Mizoram Municipalities (Property Tax Management) Rules, 2014 hmangin ‘property tax’ a khawn ve dawn tan chu a ni a. Chutiang zelin, India danpui Article 243-G leh Eleventh Schedule hnuaiah Village/Local Council thuneihna huam chinah chhiah khawn theihna dan a awm hran ve leh bawk a. Heng municipal leh village/local council huamchhunga chhiah an khawn thenkhat hi chu state sawrkar tan pawh itawm tham a awm ve thei a. Chuvang chuan, state sawrkarah eng emaw zat sum a luh ve theih nan sawrkar hian ruahmanna siam thar se a tha hle bawk a ni.

Hmathlir sawmpakhatna – Khualzinte hip tura inbuatsaiha sum lakluh (tourism)

Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah hian hmunhma tha taktak te chu a awm ve nual a. Tourism department hi Mizoram mipuite tana sum thawkchhuak hnem thei ber tur zinga mi a ni na in, tun dinhmunah chuan tourism hi eizawnna atana hmang an la thahnem lo hle. Tourist Lodge kan neih mekte pawh mimal kuta hlan (privatise) rawt a nih tak hial hi! Khualzin rawn tei lut an tam poh leh Mizoramah sum lengvak a tam ang a, chu chu ram hmasawnna chi khat a ni zel a. Hlimhlawpna hun leh hmun tur, entirnan Anthurium Festival han buatsaih leh ngawt hi tourism department hna tur a ni satliah mai lova. Hunpui eng emaw intawlhlimna buatsaih a nih dawn pawhin, chuta tanga mipui nawlpuiin sum an lo lakluh ve theih dan tur chhawpchhuah sak hi kan ngai pawimawh fo tur a ni zawk. Tin, ram pawn lam mi Mizorama an lo luh nana thil tul, Inner Line Permit buaipui dan te pawh hi tun aia awlsam leh mawlmang zawka siam nise. Khualzin veivak an rawn tei luh hnem poh leh Mizoramah sum leng vel a tam dawn a, mipui nawlpui leh sumdawngte tan hlawkna eng emaw a lo awm ve thei thin a ni.

Mizoram pawn mite leh a chhunga chengte tan pawha han tlawh tlak deuh hmunhma dapchhuah leh khualzinte hip thei ngei tura buatsaih hi a tul ta hle mai.Tourism department in tun dinhmuna an tih langsar deuh ber chu tourist lodge sak leh hmunhma a theih ang anga chei/thawm that hi a ni deuh mai a.‘Anthurium festival’ an tih ve fo te lah hi sum khawhralna a ni satliah ngawt a. Kan sawrkar hotute hian ngaihtuahna taktak sengin a takin hma han la se chu tun ai ngawt chuan hma kan sawn ngei a rinawm.

India ram khawpui thenkhat zinga lian bik lemlo, tlangram ve tho heng Sikkim te, Dehradun leh Mussoorie ah te chuan khualzinte atangin sum an la lut hnem hle a. Tlangram chhengchhe ve tak ni mahse khualzin veivak an kal nasa viau a ni. Khawtualah sum lengvak a tam a, mi tamtak tan eizawnna tha a lo awm theih phah a.Tourism atangin mi chuan sum an hmu hnem hle a ni. Mizoram tana kan tih theih pawimawh hmasa chu hmun danga mite tih dan hizirchiana kan ram mil tura ruahmanna siam a ni phawt ang. Tin, a thiam zawk leh a ngaihna hria ten an sawi leh rawt thin te hi ngaih pawimawh ni tawh se. Khawii lai emawa chawlhbuk emaw inte va sak leh ringawt piahlam ram hi kan thlen a pawimawh viau tawh a ni.

Mizoram sik leh sa boruak nuam tak, thingtlang khaw ralmuang tak te, kan hnam nunzia leh khawtlang nun mawi tak te, kan tlang ram nuam leh luite tui luang del del te hi hmun danga awm ve chiah lo a ni hlawm a. Heng kan danglamna leh kan that bikna te hi hman tangkai theih a ni a. Sum hailut zawnga kan hman thiam ngat chuan hmasawn pui tham a ni reng a ni. Thil hote a lang chu ‘rope way’ leh ‘trekking’ emaw tlanglawn te hi awlsam taka hma lak theihna, sum tamtak sen ngai lemlo, sum hmuhna hnar tha tak, hlimawm bawk si a ni a. Aizawl khawpui emaw khaw thenkhat ah te hian ‘rope way’ te hi han bun thluah ila. A man neia chuan theihin siam ve ta ila, a hlimawm bakah sum hnar tha tak a tling thei a nia. Mussoorie khawlaia rope way an siam te khu a lun ve hle a ni; chuan man an siam a, nitinin sum eng emaw zat an la lut zu nia.

Tourism hmanga mi te tana eizawnna buatsaih sak tur chuan sawrkar hian chet a lak phawt a ngai a. Hmun dang (entirnan, Sikkim) a an tih angin thingtlang hmun thengthaw nuam deuhvah ‘village tourism’ an tih mai te hi Mizoramah pawh a theih ve reng a ni. ‘Home stay’ an ti mai a - thingtlangah mikhual te chu tualchhung mite inah man chawiin an khawsa ve a. An ei leh in ang ang bakah an nitin nun hman dan te a takin an chenchilh thin a, nuam an ti thin hle. Mizoram thingtlang hmun nuam taktak te hi chutiang ang chuan buatsaih ni ve se. Hei hi thil harsa lo tak, keini pawhin kan hlawhtlin pui ve theih ngei thil a ni. Hun khawhral lovin hma lak vat a tha hle mai.

Hmathlir sawmpahnihna – MLA-LAD leh MP-LAD fund hman tangkai

MLA Local Area Development Fund atan kum tinin tunah chuan Mizorama kan MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) 40 rual te hian nuai 50 theuh an bial chhung tih hmasawn na turin an hmang thei a. A vaiin MLA-LAD fund belhkhawm chu kum khatah cheng vaibelchhe 20 a nih chu; mahse, kumin 2015-2016 ah hian MLA tinin an MLA-LAD fund atangin MSACS (Mizoram State AIDS Control Society) tan cheng nuai khat theuh an thawh dawn.[11] Tin, MP (Member of Parliament) pahnih Mizoramin kan neih te pawhin MP-LAD scheme hnuaiah hmasawnna hna thawh na turin kum khatah cheng vaibelchhe 5 ve ve an nei bawk (a belhkhawm chu cheng vaibelchhe 10 a ni). Tichuan, Local Area Development Fund/Scheme atan hian kan MLA 40 leh MP 2 kan neih te sum hman theih belhkhawm chu kum khatah vaibelchhe 30 a tling der mai a. Hetiang zat sum hi tangkai taka hman a nih chuan kawngro su tham a ni. Mipuite pawhin hetiang zat sum hi kan thlan lal te kut zalah a awm tih hi hriat ve kar a tul a, an hmanna te pawh kan hriatpui ve thlip thlep tur a ni. Chutiang bawkin, heng sum te hi political party mi leh sa induhsakna lantir na hmanrua atana hman satliah ngawt a rem lova. Hetiang scheme hnuaia sum hi awmze nei zawka hman tangkai ni se, hmasawn pui tham a ni e.

Hmathlir sawmpathumna – Company liante sum hman tangkai (CSR)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) kan tih hi a awmzia tawite han sawi phawt ila. The Companies Act 2013 (Parliament dan amendment siam thar) hnuaia India rama company inziak lut te zawng zawng hian The Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014 in a sawi angin anmahni hamthatna piah lamah an chet velna hmuna (area of operation) khawtlang tan tih ngei ngei tur an nei ta a. Chutianga khawtlang rawngbawl hna an thawh tur sawrkarin a bituk sak thar chu ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ a ni. Hei hi The Companies Act 2013 a Section 135-na ah leh Schedule VII ah chiang takin ziahlan a ni a.[12] CSR hnuaia khawtlang rawngbawl hnathawh hi kan han sawi tak company ten khel lova an tih ngei ngei tur a ni tawh a ni.

He dan hnuaiah hian, an kum khat sum thawhchhuah (net worth) cheng vaibelchhe 500 leh a chunglam emaw, an kum khat sum virvel (turnover) cheng vaiblechhe 1000 leh a chunglam emaw, kum khata an sum hlep zat (net profit) cheng vaibelchhe 5 leh a chunglam chin company nei reng reng chuan kum thum kal ta a an sum thawhchhuah chawhrual za a pahnih (2% of the average net profits of the company made during the three immediate preceding financial years) chu CSR atan hian an hman ngei a ngai tawh a ni.Company tin hian Corporate Social Responsibility Committee an din tur a ni a; chu Committee chuan CSR hnuaia vantlang tana an hnathawh turte a thlang fel thin dawn a ni.[13] Company tinin sum tam tham tak hemi atan hian an hman ngei a ngaih dawn tak avangin an zar zo ve ngei turin a chuha kan chuh ve deuh te pawh a ngai awm e. Company lian thenkhat, Mizoram a hna rawn thawkte hi kan ram chhungah CSR (khawtlang rawngbawl) hna thawk ve tura ngen leh phut thin ni se. Kan hotu te hian company lian thuneitu te hi a rang lamin an dawr vat vat thin ang a, chumi hmang chuan sawrkar sum tihek miah lovin kan ramah hmasawnna eng emaw chen kan thlen ve thei dawn a ni.

Hmathlir sawmpalina – Thlai thar/thilsiam te hralhnatur ngaihtuah sak

Kut hnathawka eizawng te thawhrimna ten awmzia a neih theih nan an thlai thar emaw, thil siam leh ran vulh te man man zawka an tihral theih dan ngaihtuah hi sawrkar kut a ni. Entirnan grape hmanga eizawnna han sawi zuai ila. Mizoram sawrkar chuan ‘Mizoram Liquor Total Prohibition Act 1995’ siam danglam hretin kum 2007 khan dan thar hmangin Mizoram chhungah grape tui sawr leh hralh a lo phalrai ve tawh a. Chumi avang chuan grape hmanga eizawnna chu a hlawhtling chho ta em em tih Hnahlan khua leh Champhai chhehvel atangin kan hmu a. Chutih mek lai chuan sawrkar bawkin zu khapna dan chu hlipin dan thar [The Mizoram Liquor (Prohibition & Control) Act, 2014] hmangin sap zu an zuar tan ta a nih hi. Grape tui sawr (grape wine) hralhna turah sawrkarin ruahmanna thar a siam sak si loh avang hian grape hmanga eizawng mekte an mangang hle. Sawrkarin a tih tur a tih tawk loh avangin grape hmanga eizawnna tha tak chu tunah hian a tluchhe mek a, chhanchhuah an ngai takzet a ni.

Kut hnathawkte thlai thar leh thil siam bakah an ran vulhte hralhna tur (market) ngaihtuah sak hi sawrkar tan thil harsa a ni hauh lova. Amaherawhchu, Mizorama kut hnathawk ho hian an thil thar chhuah te hralh kawngah harsatna an tawk mawlh mawlh mai chu a nih hi. Kan sawi tawh angin Mizorama kut hnathawkte hi sawrkar kutah an innghat nasa em em a. Thingtlang lama kut hnathawka eizawngte tan an thlai thar hralhna tur buaipui kawngah an tan tih theih chin a thui lo hle a. A hun taka sawrkar a inrawlh loh avangin leh sawrkarin a tih tur a tih tawk loh thin avangin kut hnathawkte an mangang fo mai. Entirnan, grape hralhna a buai a, sawhthing man (rate) lah a sawilawk theih hek loh. A hralhna tur tha a awm chhung chuan kut hnathawktu te pawhin phur takin hna an thawk mai dawn a. Hemi kawngah hian sawrkar hian chak lehzualin hma han la sauh sauh rawh se.

Hmathlir sawmpangana – Hmasawnna programme tha zawka kalpui

Mizoram sawrkar puala retheihna um bo tur leh intodelhna kawnga hmalakna awm mek NLUP (New Land Use Policy) hi Zoram pumpui nghawng, thil tha tak a ni a. Engpawh nise, mipui nawlpui kutah sawrkar sum hetia sem darh a ni hrim hrim hi a lawmawm khawp mai a. Mimal tlemte kuta hausakna leh sum a inbeng vak thin hi thil thalo tak a ni a, NLUP hmanga kan han semzai hi a tha ve hrim hrim a nia.Chhungkaw tamtakin NLUP hnuaiah, sum fai leh a hmanrua emaw in, eizawnna bultanna tur hamthatna an dawng a; an hman tangkai dan erawh chu a inthlau viau awm e.

NLUP hnuaia hamthatna dawng tur thlan chungchang hi sawi tur tamtak a awm a. Mizoram Synod hnuaia Social Front in a zirchianna ah khan NLUP hnuaia hamthatna dawng zinga za a 88.6 chu rorel lai Congress party mi leh sa an ni tih tarlan tawh a ni a.[14] Chubakah, NLUP sum hi an duan chhan mipuite hnen thleng lova tul leh pawipang danga hman a awm nual a nih hmel a. Motor an lei 67 zozai te kha a tam mah mah a; NLUP hming chawia department thenkhat officer ho te tuamhlawmna a ni deuh ber awm e.[15] Engpawh nise, hmasawnna programme NLUP a hlawhtlin lehzual nan tualchhunga kan tlawmngai pawl YMA, MUP leh Kohhran te hi tun ai hian dah pawimawh nise. A hamthatna dawng tur thlanchhuah thu ah hian tlawmngai pawl te thuk zawka inrawlh tir ve nise hleih neih a bo ngei awm e. A mamawh ber ber ten sawrkar atangin hetiang hamthatna hi an dawng ve ngei tur a ni.

Mizoramah hian eng political party pawhin sawrkarna chelh se, NLUP emaw MIP (Mizoram Intodelhna Programme) ang chi bak a tha hi kan neih a rinawm chuang lova. Intodelhna atana ruahmanna kan neih te hi ziak lamah chuan a tha tlangpui vek bakah a inang viau a. A pawimawh ber chu tanpuina mamawh ber berte ngeiin hamthatna an dawna, hlawhtling ngei tura vil zui reng hi a ni. Political party hovin an mi leh sa induhsakna hmanruaah NLUP leh MIP te hi an hmang nasa hle a. Retheihna umbo leh hmasawnna thlen kan tum taktak a nih chuan a mamawh diktak te thil tlakchham diktak kan hriatpui a pawimawh hle a ni. Hemi atan hian tualchhunga tlawmngai pawl zahawm taktak te kan hman tangkai ngam a tul a ni. Mizoram sawrkarin ama puala hmasawnna programme a neih mek hmang hian hmasawnna taktak thlen ngei tum tur a ni.

Hmathlir sawmparukna – Hmasawnna ruhrel (infrastructure) tha buatsaih

A saptawnga ‘infrastructure’ kan tih mai, hmasawnna ruhrel pawimawh langsar zualah chuan heng - inkalpawhna (transportation) te, eng (power supply) te, inbiakpawhna (communication) te, hriselna chungchang (health facilities) te, tui (water supply) te leh zirna (education) te hi han rinlut ngawt mai ila. Heng thil tel lo hian nikhat lek pawh kan awm thei lo na in hengte hi mimalin mipui vantlang a pek theih rual loh thil a ni a. Hmasawnna taktak a awm theih nan chuan heng thil te hi tha tak kan buatsaih a ngai a ni. Miin eizawnna bul tan dawn se hetiang mamawh zualpui tello chuan thui tak hma a lak theih hauh loh. Tin, sawrkar tello chuan chutiang thil chu a tih theih miah loh bawk a. Chuvangin, kan ramin hma a sawn taktak na tur atan chuan kan nitin nuna kan mamawh zualpui tal hi tha tak kan buatsaih a pawimawh em em a ni. Chu chu kan Zoram tan hmasawnna bulpui ang hial a nih avangin ngaih pawimawh berte zinga neih ngei tur a ni.

B:  KHAWTLANG THIL (SOCIAL ISSUES) AH

Mizote hi India ram hrang hranga vaiho nen han khaikhin chuan kan nunzia leh khawtlang inrelbawlna hi a felfai fal hle a. Kristianna nun leh tlawmngaihna bakah zirna kan uar tlat hi kan khawtlang nun a nawm chhan a ni thei awm e. Thu kan awih a, tih kan nuam em em a. Hnam thil leh rampum tana thil pawimawhah chuan min kaihruaitu te azirin kan la inlungrual thei phian a. Kan khawtlangah zalen takin mitin kan nung thei a, mi zawng zawng kan inpawh tlang a. Hei aia nunho nawmna hi khawvel dangah a awm chuang awm love. Dinhmun inthlau deuhte pawh kan inkawm tlang thei vek a,chi leh chi inthliarna a awm ve lova. Kan khawtlang nun inpawh dial dial thin hi a nuam takzet a ni. Kan khawtlang hmasawnna atana hmathlir pawimawh zual te tihian han sawi ve leh ta ila.

Hmathlir sawmpasarihna – Zofate inpumkhatna

Khawvel hmun hrang hranga cheng mek Zofate kan insuihkhawmna turin hman atang tawhin ZORO (Zo Re-Unification Organisation) leh pawl thenkhatin hma an la ve reng a. Tun hnai maiah khan, midangte hmalakna duhkhawp loh vang emawni dawn ni, ‘Zofa Global Network’ an din thar ve ta bawk a. An tum chu thil thuhmun a ni awm e. Mi thenkhat hian, ‘UNO pawhin min remtih pui tawh alawm’ tiin mahni a ro inrel (independence) te an sawi hluah thin a.[16] Hmun khata la inhawrkhawma Zofate khawvel thar siam an beisei a ni. He thil erawh hi chu thil huphurhawm tak a la ni rihin a lang. Engpawh nise, tun dinhmuna kan tih theih tawk chu mahni ke a ding thei tura inbuatsaih sauh sauh hi a ni rih mai awm e.

Mizo te pawh kan pung chho ve zel a, tawng chi hrang hrang hmang pawh kan kat ve nak tawh a. Chhim leh hmar te leh chhak leh thlanga mite tawnghmang pawh a danglam ve nawk tawh reng a ni. Hei hian kan ropui chho ve zel tih a tarlang ve tlat a nia. Heti a nih mek lai hian mi thenkhat chuan Mizotawng miin a lo pai deuh emaw an thiam chian vak loh avangin mihran anga en tlat an awm thin a. Unau kan nihzia te leh Mizo hnam peng hrang hrangah tawng hrang a awm ve a ni tih hi kan pawma kan hriatthiam a pawimawh hle a ni. Mizoram chhim lamah chuan Mara tawng leh Lai tawng ten an lo ri nak nak ang a, khaw chhak lamah chuan Paihte tawng hmang an lo awm nual ang a, Hmar chhak ramri hrul deuhvah chuan Hmar tawng nen. Zofate kan inpumkhat theih nan chuan tawng hrang hmang te hi kan inpawm tawn a ngai a ni.

Kan awmna azirin kan tawng hman bik a awm lo thei lova. Chutih rualin, Mizo nihna ah hian kan inchhunkhawm tlat a pawimawh a. Engpawh nise, kan inpawh tawnna a that lehzual nan chuan Mizote chuan Mizo tawng hi kan thiam theuh tur a ni a. Mahni chenna bial chhunga tawng theuh te kan in pawmsaka kan inzah sak tawn mai bakah Mizotawng hi kan ngaihhlut thar a ngai hle mai a. Zofate min phuarkhawm tlat tur pawhin mi tam zawkin kan hman mek Mizotawng hi hei aia nasa lehzuala kan humhalh a pawimawh a ni. A bik takin District Council pathum kan neih mek (Lai, Mara leh Chakma District Council te) huamchhungah hian an tualchhung tawng an hman bakah Mizotawng hi in zirtir uar lehzual se, naupang sikul zirlaibu ah pawh telh vek ni rawh se. Mizorama chengte leh ram pawna Zo hnahthlak awm te pawhin Mizotawng hi Zofate min ti pakhattu a nih zia hi sawi chhawng tam lehzual ila a tha awm e.

Hmathlir sawmpariatna – Thalai awm awl lutuk awm lo tura hma lak

Khaw tin leh veng tinah hian thalai awm awl mai mai an la tam hle a. Damlohna nei hranpa lem lo, lehkha zir emaw thil buaipui laklawh nei chuang si lo, chhungte chawmhlawm ringawt hi khawtlangah kan kawl fur a ni a. Hei hi Zoram tan leh chhungkaw mal tinte tan thil pawi tak a ni. Rilru leh kutke kimve biai lawi si, thalai kum puitling chin tawh, hnathawk rual ni ve tawh tho si tean hman em em hlawm lutuk hi kan ram thanmawhbawk a tling a ni.Chhungtin deuhthaw hian hetiang mi hi an kawl deuh vek awm mang e. Thalai kum puitling china ngaihte zingah chawmhlawm satliah ringawt an tam lutuk hi a ngaimawhawm viau a ni. Chhungtinten tan kan lak a ngai a. Hei hi Kohhran tinah leh khawtlang huapa pawl kan neih YMA te hian nasa lehzual in han tlangau pui se a tha hle mai.

Hna tha hi mi zawng zawngin kan indaih vek lo tih chu hriat sa a ni a. Thiamna leh thil tih theih a inang lo ang bawkin, hna tha hmu bik leh vannei fal deuh chu kan awm ngei e. Chutih rualin, mahni thiamna leh theihna milpui deuh kan tinzawn thiam pawh a tul chang a awm ve tho mai. Kan chapo lutuk deuh thin nge ni, mahni phak tawk hna thawh te hi miin an hreh deuh niin a lang. Chhungte chawmhlawm nih reng mai hi mi tam tak chuan zah nachang an hre lem lova. Taima tur te intodelh tur te leh paukhauh tura kan in zirtir nawn leh te pawh hi a lo tul zo ta. Hei hi zirna in sikulah leh Pathian Biak In lamah te pawh uar lehzual ni rawh se. Thalai te tana thawh tur buatsaih sak kawngah te, an theihna leh thiamna tipung thei tura hma kan lak (skills development) a pawimawh viau bawk. Tin, infiamna lam buaipuia hmanhlel viau ho pawh hian sum thawkchhuak zawnga khelh te pawh tum ve zel bawk se. A pawimawh ber chu eizawnna tha neih hi a ni a, chu chu mitinin ngaih pawimawh berah i nei theuh ang u khai.

Hmathlir sawmpakuana – Mizo nun ze mawichhawm nun that

Mizo ten khawtlang nuna kan chhuan em em chu tlawmngaihna hi a ni a. Tlawmngaihna hian rinawmna leh taimakna te keng tel zel se ava hlu zual dawn em! Tlawmngaihna a taka nunpui dan hi kawng tamtak a awm a. Kan hun tawn azir zela kan inher rem zung zung theih a pawimawh hle. Thangthar te thinlunga tlawmngaihna nun tuh nghet thar tur hian khawtlangah tan kan lak a tul viau a. Zawlbuk kan neih hun laia val upa zawkte’n awmdan mawi thangthar te an zirtir thin ang khan, tunlai hunah pawh hian khawtlang huapa inhmuhkhawmna hun remchang apiangah chutiang chu sawi chhuah tam ni se. Huaisen tur leh paukhauh tlat turin thangthar te hi fuih an ngai a, harsatna pawh chhel taka hmachhawn ngam turin an thinlungah nghet taka tuh a tul hle a ni.

Aia upa zah te pawh hi in zirtir thar zel a ngai a.Chanchinbu leh TV bakah internet a kan thil hmuh leh hriatte hian thangthar te sukthlek a kaihruai nasa hle tih a lang a. Facebook te, whatsapp leh twitter bakah internet hmanga inbiaktawnna thil tamtak hmangin thian kan inkawm nasa hle tawh a. Internet ah hian thil tha tamtak a awm rualin a chhe lam thil pawh a kim hle tih kan hre vek a. Heng hmasawnna thilchak tak kan nunphunga lo bet tel chho ve mekte avang hian ram danga mi tih dan phung te awlsam takin kan hre ve vek thei tawh a. Mizo nun mawi tak, aia upa zahna leh tlawmngaihna nun te hi heng changkanna hian a ei da mai ang tih a hlauhawm ve tho va. Chuvangin, heng hmang hian a theih ang angin thu tha thehdarh ve thin a pawimawh khawp mai. Mizo nunzia mawi takte hi chhawmnung zel turin mitinin mawhphurhna kan nei a ni.

Hmathlir sawmhnihna – Kan ngaihhlut zawng leh rilru sukthlek siam that

Kan nihna leh thlen chin azirin kan thil ngaih hlut zawng leh thil kan thlir dan a danglam thei hle mai a. Khawtlanga kan mi ngaihsan te azirin naupangte sukthlek pawh a dang thei viau bawk. Kan ngaihhlut zawng leh rilru sukthlek te hi vawi leh khata tih danglam mai theih a ni hlek lova, zan khat thil thu a inthlak thut pawh a ni lo. Mipui vantlangin thil thleng azira ngaihdan kan siam thin hi hun eng emaw chen ata tawha kan lo inhlan chhawn thil, kan hriat loh hlana ziaa bet ve ta mai a ni fo. Heti a nih avang hian, kan hawiher leh rilru sukthlek han tih danglam thut hi thil harsa tak a ni a;zawi zawia mipui thinlunga tuh chi a ni ber.

Sap ngaisang tak hnam kan ni a, vai erawh chu kan phak loh deuh pawh ni mahse kan ngaisang duh tlat lo hi a mak ve riau bawk a. Chutiang zelin, tute emaw in zaithiam intihsiakna an buatsaih (entirnan, ZONET Mizo Idol leh LPS Mizo Icon) a rawn inlan te hi Zoram pumpui deuhthaw in an ngaihven em em thin a. Hetianga pakhatna emaw dinhmun sang deuh han luah chin ngat phei chu an ropui ta ber emaw tih turin mi thenkhat chuan vengchhung mi nihna (citizenship) te an lo hlan vei thul; a khaw nawta lo hmuak lah bo lo…. Mipui nawlpui ngaihhlut zawng an nih tlat si avangin kan zaithiam lar ho te pawh hi an ‘celebrity’ (milar) chet ve ngawt lo thei lo a nih hi. Ropui kan tih te inang miau hek lo le. “Chumi khami chu lo ngaisang ve tawh ru,” han in tih ngawt chi a ni lova. Mipui nawlpui ngaihdan her danglam tur chuan hun eng emaw chen hi a vei a ngai ve thin.

Kan nungchang leh hawiher siam puitlin kawngah hian zirna in (sikul) leh khawtlang thil tih khawm bakah kohhran huangchhungah te hian tih theih tamtak a awm a. Naupan tet laia zirtirtu ten thu min hrilh te chu kan rilru ah a intuh nghet thei hle mai a, sikul te hi hman tangkai tur a ni. Naupang zirlaibu ah te hian nitin kan khawsak naa kan mamawh te leh midang nena kan inlaichin dan tur tha te hi a tam thei ang ber dah luh ni se la. Zirtirtute pawhin chutiang thil chu naupangte rilru ah nghet taka tuh tumin sawi tam se la. Zirna tluang pangngai bakah hian hetiang thil hi mi zawng zawng mamawh leh kan khawsak ho na atana thil pawimawh em em a ni si a. Kohhran tin pawhin nasa lehzualin hma la se, heng thil kan sawi mekte hi mahni lawina theuh ah ngaih pawimawh ni thar zel rawh se. Kan sawi tak thil zawng zawngte a taka umzui kawngah chhungtina nu leh pa emaw chhungkaw hotu lu te mawhphurhna a sang hle a ni.

TLANGKAWMNA

Kan thupui khel mek hi a pawimawh em avangin tawitea ziah kim sen a ni lova. A kimchang deuhva ziah remchang se chu a bu a siam tham zet ziah tur a awm ang. Tun tuma kan han tarlan tak Mizoram tana hmathlir te pawh hi sawi zau tur tam tak a la awm a, hmathlir dang sawi belh tur pawh a la thahnem viau a ni. Amaherawhchu, chung zinga kan ngaih pawimawh atana tha ni a hriat lian zualte leh a taka tih hlawhtlin nghal mai theih tur ni a lang te hmathlir sawmhnih chhawpchhuah phawt a ni a. Heng hmathlir hrang hrangte hi a ti hlawhtling theitu an in ang lo thluah a. A tam berah chuan sawrkar tih tur leh sawrkarin a tih theih ngei te a ni a. Kut hnathawkte leh tlawmngai pawl te bakah, zirtirtu leh kohhrana rawngbawltu ten mawhphurhna chi hrang hrang hlen tur an nei a. Chhungtin te mawhphurhna chanvo a lian hle bawk a ni. Tanrualna a pawimawh ber dawn a; chutiang ang taka hma la tur erawh chuan sawrkara thuneitu ten bul an tan a hma an hruai a ngai dawn a ni.

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[1] Census of Government Employees & Workers, Mizoram 2014, Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Mizoram, 2014.

[2] Central Government Health Scheme chungchang chu an website http://msotransparent.nic.in/cghsnew/index.aspah emaw, http://msotransparent.nic.in/writereaddata/cghsdata/mainlinkfile/File1130.pdfah a kimchangin en mai theihin a awm.

[3] Civil Accounts Manual chu Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure website ah en mai theihin a awm, hetah hian - http://cga.nic.in/html/book1/cam.pdf

[4]Census of India, 2011 leh Census of Government Employees & Workers, Mizoram 2014 ah a kimchangin hmuh theih a ni.

[5]The Mizoram Gazette Vol - XLIII, Issue No. 339 ni 3.7.2014 a tihchhuah, The Mizoram Audit Manual, 2014 ah a kimchangin chhiar theih a ni.

[6]http://www.darpg.nic.in/ArticleContent.aspx?category=107 ah hian a kimchangin a en mai theih a ni.

[7] Mizoram sawrkar chuan ni July 27, 2015 khan [Memo No. A.42013/1/2013-DP&AR(GGC)] 2^nd Administrative Reforms Commission rawtna te bawhzuia hma la turin Mizoram Chief Secretary kaihhruaina hnuaiah Steering Committee a din thar ve leh a. He Committee ah hian department heng - GAD te, Finance te, Law & Judicial te, Planning & Programme Implementation te, ATI te, Aizawl Municipal Corporation leh sawrkar laipui aiawh te bakah District tina DC te an tel a ni.   

[8] Finance Minister Pu Lalsawta chuan Assembly House ah MLA Pu Lalruatkima'n Mizoram leiba neih zat a zawhna a chhang a; Mizoram leiba chu kum 2011-12 ah cheng vaibelchhe 4548.45, kum 2012-13 ah cheng vaibelchhe 5114.20 leh kum 2013-14 ah cheng vaibelchhe 5334.81 a nih thu a sawi a ni. (Vanglaini Chanchinbu July 11, 2015)

[9] FRBM Act, 2003 hi Parliament ah pass thlap a niin state sawrkar leh central sawrkar chu an leibat te tihniam a sum leh pai dinhmun insawhnghet turin hriattir vek an ni a. He dan hnuaiah hian sawrkar leibat chuan GDP zaa 3 a pel tur a ni lova, state sawrkar tinin hemi kawngah hian hma an lak ngei a ngai tawh a ni. Mizoram sawrkar pawhin Mizoram FRBM Act 2006a nei ve tawh nghe nghe a ni. A kimchangin hetah hian en theih a ni: http://mizofin.nic.in/file/ecobranch/FISCAL%20REFORMS/FRBM/FRBM%20ACT.pdf lehhttp://finmin.nic.in/reports/FRBM_report.pdf

[10] India Danpui Article 246(3) leh Seventh Schedule (List II – State List) ah State sawrkarin chhiah a khawn theih na List siam a ni a. ‘Income Tax’ erawh hi chu India Danpui Article 246(1) leh Schedule VII (List I – Union List) Entry List 82-na a ziah angin sawrkar laipui thuneihna a ni.

[11] He thu hi Mizoram Finance Minister, Pu Lalsawta’nni 9 October, 2015 a Mizoram Budget 2015-2016 a pharh khan a sawi.

[12]Kan han sawi tak Act leh Rules te hi Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt. of India website ah a kimchangin chhiar theih a ni - http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/CompaniesActNotification2_2014.pdf leh http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/CompaniesAct2013.pdf

[13] CSR puala hna an thawh tur (activity) hi Company Act 2013 hnuaia Schedule VII ah a huamchin tur bituk fel sa thlap a ni a, hetiang hian a saptawngin a ngai ngaiin han dah ta mai ila–

(i) eradicating extreme hunger and poverty;

(ii) promotion of education;

(iii) promoting gender equality and empowering women;

(iv) reducing child mortlity and improving maternal health;

(v) combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria and other diseases;

(vi) ensuring environmental sustainability;

(vii) employment enhancing vocational skills;

(viii) social business projects;

(ix) contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other

fund set up by the Central Government or the State Governments for

socio-economic development and relief and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women; and

(x) such other matters as may be prescribed.

[14] Zodin Sanga (UNI Correspondent, Mizoram): News Report dated October 15, 2012.

[15] Assembly Budget Session a zawhna a chhanna ah Agriculture Minister Pu R.Lalzirliana chuan tihian a sawi:“NLUP sum aṭangin lirthei 67 lei a ni tawh a; chungte chu Aizawlah pariat, Agriculture department-ah pakua, Horticulture-ah pakua, Sericulture-ah pahnih, Industries-ah pali, Fisheries-ah pali, IPRO tan pasarih leh NLUP Implementing Board-ah pariat dah a ni.” (Vanglaini chanchinbu 9^th October, 2015)

[16] ‘The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’an tih mai chu United Nations General Assembly vawi 61-na, UNO Headquarters New York City ah ni 13 September 2007 a intawhkhawmna ah pass a ni a.Ram leilung fate’n an ram luah thin a rorel leh theihna dan ti ila hriatthiam a awlsam mai awm e. He Declaration chungchang hiakimchanginUNO website ah hian en theih a ni: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf